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Assertions on the invariance of the groups <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s0870602.png" /> or their subgroups, given certain special extensions of the ground ring <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s0870603.png" /> (see [[Algebraic K-theory|Algebraic <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s0870604.png" />-theory]]).
+
{{TEX|done}}
  
The following are the best-known stability theorems. Let <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s0870605.png" /> be a regular ring (cf. [[Regular ring (in commutative algebra)|Regular ring (in commutative algebra)]]) and let <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s0870606.png" /> be the ring of polynomials in the variables <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s0870607.png" /> over <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s0870608.png" />. The stability theorem for Whitehead groups under the transfer from <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s0870609.png" /> to <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706010.png" />, [[#References|[1]]], states that the natural homomorphism imbedding <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706011.png" /> in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706012.png" /> induces an isomorphism between <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706013.png" /> and <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706014.png" /> (cf. also [[Whitehead group|Whitehead group]]).
+
Assertions on the invariance of the groups $  K _{i} (R) $
 +
or their subgroups, given certain special extensions of the ground ring  $  R $(
 +
see [[Algebraic K-theory|Algebraic  $  K $-
 +
theory]]).
  
In the case of a skew-field <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706015.png" /> that is finite-dimensional over its centre <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706016.png" />, one can define a reduced-norm homomorphism <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706017.png" /> of the multiplicative group <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706018.png" /> of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706019.png" /> into the multiplicative group <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706020.png" /> of its centre. The kernel of this homomorphism, usually written as <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706021.png" />, determines the reduced Whitehead group <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706022.png" /> of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706023.png" />:
+
The following are the best-known stability theorems. Let  $  R $
 +
be a regular ring (cf. [[Regular ring (in commutative algebra)|Regular ring (in commutative algebra)]]) and let  $  R[t _{1} \dots t _{n} ] $
 +
be the ring of polynomials in the variables  $  t _{1} \dots t _{n} $
 +
over  $  R $.  
 +
The stability theorem for Whitehead groups under the transfer from  $  R $
 +
to  $  R[t _{1} \dots t _{n} ] $,  
 +
[[#References|[1]]], states that the natural homomorphism imbedding  $  R $
 +
in  $  R[t _{1} \dots t _{n} ] $
 +
induces an isomorphism between  $  K _{1} (R) $
 +
and  $  K _{1} (R[t _{1} \dots t _{n} ]) $(
 +
cf. also [[Whitehead group|Whitehead group]]).
  
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706024.png" /></td> </tr></table>
+
In the case of a skew-field  $  R $
 +
that is finite-dimensional over its centre  $  Z(R) $,
 +
one can define a reduced-norm homomorphism  $  \mathop{\rm Nrd}\nolimits _{R} : \  R ^ \star  \rightarrow Z(R) ^ \star  $
 +
of the multiplicative group  $  R ^ \star  $
 +
of  $  R $
 +
into the multiplicative group  $  Z(R) ^ \star  $
 +
of its centre. The kernel of this homomorphism, usually written as  $  \mathop{\rm SL}\nolimits (1,\  R) $,
 +
determines the reduced Whitehead group  $  SK _{1} (R) $
 +
of  $  R $:
 +
$$
 +
SK _{1} (R)  \simeq  { \mathop{\rm SL}\nolimits (1,\  R)} / {[R ^ \star  ,\  R ^ \star  ]}
 +
$$(
 +
see [[Special linear group|Special linear group]]), which is a subgroup in  $  K _{1} (R) $.
 +
If  $  Z(R)(t _{1} \dots t _{n} ) $
 +
is the field of rational functions in  $  t _{1} \dots t _{n} $
 +
over  $  Z(R) $,
 +
then the algebra $$
 +
R(t _{1} \dots t _{n} )  =   R \otimes _{Z(R)} Z(R)(t _{1} \dots t _{n} )
 +
$$
 +
is a skew-field, and the natural imbedding  $  \phi _ {t _{1} \dots t _ n} $
 +
of  $  R $
 +
in  $  R(t _{1} \dots t _{n} ) $
 +
induces a homomorphism $$
 +
\psi _ {t _{1} \dots t _ n} ^ \prime  : \  SK _{1} (R)  \rightarrow 
 +
SK _{1} (R(t _{1} \dots t _{n} )).
 +
$$
 +
The stability theorem for reduced Whitehead groups states that the homomorphism  $  \psi _ {t _{1} \dots t _ n} ^ \prime  $
 +
is bijective ([[#References|[2]]], see also [[#References|[3]]]). Similar statements are also true in unitary and spinor algebraic  $  K $-
 +
theories [[#References|[4]]], [[#References|[5]]].
  
(see [[Special linear group|Special linear group]]), which is a subgroup in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706025.png" />. If <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706026.png" /> is the field of rational functions in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706027.png" /> over <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706028.png" />, then the algebra
+
Theorems on stabilization for $  K _{i} $-
 
+
functors under the transfer from the stable objects $  K _{i} (R) $
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706029.png" /></td> </tr></table>
+
to unstable ones are also called stability theorems (see [[#References|[6]]]).
 
 
is a skew-field, and the natural imbedding <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706030.png" /> of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706031.png" /> in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706032.png" /> induces a homomorphism
 
 
 
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706033.png" /></td> </tr></table>
 
 
 
The stability theorem for reduced Whitehead groups states that the homomorphism <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706034.png" /> is bijective ([[#References|[2]]], see also [[#References|[3]]]). Similar statements are also true in unitary and spinor algebraic <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706035.png" />-theories [[#References|[4]]], [[#References|[5]]].
 
 
 
Theorems on stabilization for <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706036.png" />-functors under the transfer from the stable objects <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706037.png" /> to unstable ones are also called stability theorems (see [[#References|[6]]]).
 
  
 
====References====
 
====References====
Line 25: Line 58:
  
 
====Comments====
 
====Comments====
Many groups in algebraic <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706042.png" />-theory are defined as direct limits. For example, [[#References|[a1]]], <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706043.png" /> for any associative ring <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706044.png" /> with <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706045.png" />. The corresponding stability theorem asserts that the sequence is eventually stable, i.e., the mappings become isomorphisms starting from some point. In the above example, <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706046.png" /> for <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706047.png" />, where <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706048.png" /> is the Bass stable rank of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706049.png" /> [[#References|[a1]]]–[[#References|[a3]]]. See [[#References|[a4]]] for a similar result for higher <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706050.png" />-functors. For the <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706051.png" />-functor, a stability result is the so-called cancellation theorem [[#References|[a1]]]. A similar result for modules with quadratic forms is known as the [[Witt theorem|Witt theorem]].
+
Many groups in algebraic $  K $-
 +
theory are defined as direct limits. For example, [[#References|[a1]]], $  K _{1} (R) = \mathop{\rm lim}\nolimits \  \mathop{\rm GL}\nolimits _{n} (R) / E _{n} (R) $
 +
for any associative ring $  R $
 +
with $  1 $.  
 +
The corresponding stability theorem asserts that the sequence is eventually stable, i.e., the mappings become isomorphisms starting from some point. In the above example, $  K _{1} (R) = \mathop{\rm GL}\nolimits _{n} (R) / E _{n} (R) $
 +
for $  n \geq  \mathop{\rm sr}\nolimits (R) +1 $,  
 +
where $  \mathop{\rm sr}\nolimits (R) $
 +
is the Bass stable rank of $  R $[[#References|[a1]]]–[[#References|[a3]]]. See [[#References|[a4]]] for a similar result for higher $  K $-
 +
functors. For the $  K _{0} $-
 +
functor, a stability result is the so-called cancellation theorem [[#References|[a1]]]. A similar result for modules with quadratic forms is known as the [[Witt theorem|Witt theorem]].
  
The most common meaning of "stability theorem" is that given in the last sentence of the main article above (i.e. stabilization of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706052.png" />-functors under transfer from stable to unstable objects), cf. [[#References|[a3]]].
+
The most common meaning of "stability theorem" is that given in the last sentence of the main article above (i.e. stabilization of $  K _{i} $-
 +
functors under transfer from stable to unstable objects), cf. [[#References|[a3]]].
  
The stability theorem for Whitehead groups, or Bass–Heller–Swan theorem, was generalized to all <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706053.png" />-groups by D. Quillen, [[#References|[a4]]].
+
The stability theorem for Whitehead groups, or Bass–Heller–Swan theorem, was generalized to all $  K $-
 +
groups by D. Quillen, [[#References|[a4]]].
  
 
====References====
 
====References====
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> H. Bass, "<img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706054.png" />-theory and stable algebra" ''Publ. Math. IHES'' , '''22''' (1964) pp. 485–544 {{MR|0174604}} {{ZBL|}} </TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top"> L.N. Vaserstein, "<img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706055.png" />-theory and the congruence subgroup problem" ''Math. Notes'' , '''5''' (1969) pp. 141–148 ''Mat. Zametki'' , '''5''' (1969) pp. 233–244 {{MR|246941}} {{ZBL|}} </TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a3]</TD> <TD valign="top"> A. Suslin, "Stability in algebraic <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706056.png" />-theory" R.K. Dennis (ed.) , ''Algebraic <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706057.png" />-theory (Oberwolfach, 1980)'' , ''Lect. notes in math.'' , '''966''' , Springer (1982) pp. 304–333 {{MR|}} {{ZBL|}} </TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a4]</TD> <TD valign="top"> D. Quillen, "Higher algebraic <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706058.png" />-theory I" H. Bass (ed.) , ''Algebraic <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s087/s087060/s08706059.png" />-theory I (Battelle Inst. Conf.)'' , ''Lect. notes in math.'' , '''341''' , Springer (1973) pp. 85–147 {{MR|338129}} {{ZBL|}} </TD></TR></table>
+
<table>
 +
<TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> H. Bass, "K-theory and stable algebra" ''Publ. Math. IHES'' , '''22''' (1964) pp. 485–544 {{MR|0174604}} {{ZBL|}} </TD></TR>
 +
<TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top"> L.N. Vaserstein, "$K_1$-theory and the congruence subgroup problem" ''Math. Notes'' , '''5''' (1969) pp. 141–148 ''Mat. Zametki'' , '''5''' (1969) pp. 233–244 {{MR|246941}} {{ZBL|}} </TD></TR>
 +
<TR><TD valign="top">[a3]</TD> <TD valign="top"> A. Suslin, "Stability in algebraic K-theory" R.K. Dennis (ed.) , ''Algebraic K-theory (Oberwolfach, 1980)'' , ''Lect. notes in math.'' , '''966''' , Springer (1982) pp. 304–333 {{MR|}} {{ZBL|}} </TD></TR>
 +
<TR><TD valign="top">[a4]</TD> <TD valign="top"> D. Quillen, "Higher algebraic K-theory I" H. Bass (ed.) , ''Algebraic K-theory I (Battelle Inst. Conf.)'' , ''Lect. notes in math.'' , '''341''' , Springer (1973) pp. 85–147 {{MR|338129}} {{ZBL|}} </TD></TR>
 +
</table>

Latest revision as of 19:10, 5 April 2023


Assertions on the invariance of the groups $ K _{i} (R) $ or their subgroups, given certain special extensions of the ground ring $ R $( see Algebraic $ K $- theory).

The following are the best-known stability theorems. Let $ R $ be a regular ring (cf. Regular ring (in commutative algebra)) and let $ R[t _{1} \dots t _{n} ] $ be the ring of polynomials in the variables $ t _{1} \dots t _{n} $ over $ R $. The stability theorem for Whitehead groups under the transfer from $ R $ to $ R[t _{1} \dots t _{n} ] $, [1], states that the natural homomorphism imbedding $ R $ in $ R[t _{1} \dots t _{n} ] $ induces an isomorphism between $ K _{1} (R) $ and $ K _{1} (R[t _{1} \dots t _{n} ]) $( cf. also Whitehead group).

In the case of a skew-field $ R $ that is finite-dimensional over its centre $ Z(R) $, one can define a reduced-norm homomorphism $ \mathop{\rm Nrd}\nolimits _{R} : \ R ^ \star \rightarrow Z(R) ^ \star $ of the multiplicative group $ R ^ \star $ of $ R $ into the multiplicative group $ Z(R) ^ \star $ of its centre. The kernel of this homomorphism, usually written as $ \mathop{\rm SL}\nolimits (1,\ R) $, determines the reduced Whitehead group $ SK _{1} (R) $ of $ R $: $$ SK _{1} (R) \simeq { \mathop{\rm SL}\nolimits (1,\ R)} / {[R ^ \star ,\ R ^ \star ]} $$( see Special linear group), which is a subgroup in $ K _{1} (R) $. If $ Z(R)(t _{1} \dots t _{n} ) $ is the field of rational functions in $ t _{1} \dots t _{n} $ over $ Z(R) $, then the algebra $$ R(t _{1} \dots t _{n} ) = R \otimes _{Z(R)} Z(R)(t _{1} \dots t _{n} ) $$ is a skew-field, and the natural imbedding $ \phi _ {t _{1} \dots t _ n} $ of $ R $ in $ R(t _{1} \dots t _{n} ) $ induces a homomorphism $$ \psi _ {t _{1} \dots t _ n} ^ \prime : \ SK _{1} (R) \rightarrow SK _{1} (R(t _{1} \dots t _{n} )). $$ The stability theorem for reduced Whitehead groups states that the homomorphism $ \psi _ {t _{1} \dots t _ n} ^ \prime $ is bijective ([2], see also [3]). Similar statements are also true in unitary and spinor algebraic $ K $- theories [4], [5].

Theorems on stabilization for $ K _{i} $- functors under the transfer from the stable objects $ K _{i} (R) $ to unstable ones are also called stability theorems (see [6]).

References

[1] H. Bass, A. Heller, R. Swan, "The Whitehead group of a polynomial extension" Publ. Math. IHES : 22 (1964) pp. 61–79 MR0174605 Zbl 0248.18026
[2] V.P. Platonov, "Reduced -theory and approximation in algebraic groups" Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. , 142 (1976) pp. 213–224 Trudy Mat. Inst. Steklov. , 142 (1976) pp. 198–207 MR568310
[3] V.P. Platonov, V.I. Yanchevskii, " for division rings of noncommutative rational functions" Soviet Math. Dokl. , 20 : 6 (1976) pp. 1393–1397 Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 249 : 5 (1979) pp. 1064–1068 MR0553335 Zbl 0437.16015
[4] V.I. Yanchevskii, "Reduced unitary -theory. Applications to algebraic groups" Math. USSR Sb. , 38 (1981) pp. 533–548 Mat. Sb. , 110 : 4 (1979) pp. 579–596 MR1331389 MR0919253 MR0772116 MR0684770 MR0549289 MR0562210 MR0509375 MR0508832
[5] A.P. Monastyrnyi, V.I. Yanchevskii, "Whitehead groups of spinor groups" Math. USSR Izv. , 54 : 1 (1991) pp. 61–100 Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. , 54 : 1 (1990) pp. 60–96 MR1044048
[6] H. Bass, "Algebraic -theory" , Benjamin (1968) MR249491


Comments

Many groups in algebraic $ K $- theory are defined as direct limits. For example, [a1], $ K _{1} (R) = \mathop{\rm lim}\nolimits \ \mathop{\rm GL}\nolimits _{n} (R) / E _{n} (R) $ for any associative ring $ R $ with $ 1 $. The corresponding stability theorem asserts that the sequence is eventually stable, i.e., the mappings become isomorphisms starting from some point. In the above example, $ K _{1} (R) = \mathop{\rm GL}\nolimits _{n} (R) / E _{n} (R) $ for $ n \geq \mathop{\rm sr}\nolimits (R) +1 $, where $ \mathop{\rm sr}\nolimits (R) $ is the Bass stable rank of $ R $[a1][a3]. See [a4] for a similar result for higher $ K $- functors. For the $ K _{0} $- functor, a stability result is the so-called cancellation theorem [a1]. A similar result for modules with quadratic forms is known as the Witt theorem.

The most common meaning of "stability theorem" is that given in the last sentence of the main article above (i.e. stabilization of $ K _{i} $- functors under transfer from stable to unstable objects), cf. [a3].

The stability theorem for Whitehead groups, or Bass–Heller–Swan theorem, was generalized to all $ K $- groups by D. Quillen, [a4].

References

[a1] H. Bass, "K-theory and stable algebra" Publ. Math. IHES , 22 (1964) pp. 485–544 MR0174604
[a2] L.N. Vaserstein, "$K_1$-theory and the congruence subgroup problem" Math. Notes , 5 (1969) pp. 141–148 Mat. Zametki , 5 (1969) pp. 233–244 MR246941
[a3] A. Suslin, "Stability in algebraic K-theory" R.K. Dennis (ed.) , Algebraic K-theory (Oberwolfach, 1980) , Lect. notes in math. , 966 , Springer (1982) pp. 304–333
[a4] D. Quillen, "Higher algebraic K-theory I" H. Bass (ed.) , Algebraic K-theory I (Battelle Inst. Conf.) , Lect. notes in math. , 341 , Springer (1973) pp. 85–147 MR338129
How to Cite This Entry:
Stability theorems in algebraic K-theory. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Stability_theorems_in_algebraic_K-theory&oldid=21943
This article was adapted from an original article by V.I. Yanchevskii (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article