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'''Summary.''' Jevons pioneered the use of mathematics in economics,
10 KB (1,550 words) - 13:04, 18 March 2023
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'''Summary''' Poisson, the apostle of Laplacian science, was the master of
11 KB (1,710 words) - 19:08, 6 March 2024
...f mathematics on the other, have determined the development of the concept of a number.
...provided by linguistics and ethnography. Primitive man clearly had no need of counting skills to determine whether or not a given collection was complete
23 KB (3,482 words) - 08:03, 6 June 2020
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the presence of statistical dependence. In the design of electronic circuitry,
9 KB (1,457 words) - 19:16, 24 March 2023
The Dirichlet convolution of two [[arithmetic function]]s $f(n)$ and $g(n)$ is defined as
where the sum is over the positive divisors $d$ of $n$. General background material on the Dirichlet convolution can be found
4 KB (627 words) - 09:28, 19 March 2023
...y can be identified in a natural way with the ideals (cf. [[Ideal|Ideal]]) of $A$.
...the factorization of the corresponding divisor $\phi(a)$ into the product of prime ideal numbers can be looked at as a substitute for unique factorizati
5 KB (853 words) - 12:16, 22 August 2014
...ence of mathematics at a speed without parallel during the long history of mathematics.
...ete mathematics — and only the very beginning of the influence of discrete mathematics is witnessed now (1990).
13 KB (2,014 words) - 20:35, 31 December 2018
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as ''The Divorce Problem: A Study in Statistics'', (Studies in History,
6 KB (895 words) - 12:27, 9 March 2024
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'''Summary'''. G. von Mayr was the foremost representative of German
10 KB (1,504 words) - 07:34, 10 March 2024
In its basic form, the study of the interplay between an embedding of a projective manifold (cf. [[Projective algebraic set|Projective algebraic
is the cotangent bundle of $ X $.
9 KB (1,417 words) - 16:09, 1 April 2020
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...ad of smallpox, which was prevalent at the time, and argued the advantages of
10 KB (1,551 words) - 07:42, 9 March 2024
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the probability calculus, by means of his dispersion theory.
10 KB (1,459 words) - 19:56, 5 March 2024
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general and President of
8 KB (1,160 words) - 20:38, 22 September 2016
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Summary some fifty years before the least sum of squared residuals
7 KB (1,015 words) - 19:42, 1 November 2023
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'''Summary'''. Arguably the greatest French mathematician of
7 KB (1,004 words) - 19:40, 8 March 2024
...ed in mathematics is continuously expanding; so this general definition of mathematics becomes ever richer in content.
...he first problems of mechanics and physics were already in this collection of fundamental mathematical ideas.
22 KB (3,256 words) - 21:54, 30 March 2012
...en functions irrespective of any special properties of these functions and of any real processes described by these functions (see, e.g., [[Metric space|
...ofs of geometric theorems also appeared during that period. The [[Elements-of-Euclid| $ Elements $
20 KB (2,829 words) - 18:41, 11 December 2020
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'''Summary.''' Gauss shaped the treatment of observations into
11 KB (1,665 words) - 15:52, 25 March 2023
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treatment of outliers in statistics and to the application of probability
8 KB (1,114 words) - 06:48, 8 October 2023
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...y edition of Statisticians of the Centuries and elsewhere is actually that of the politician Louis Legendre (1752--1797).
11 KB (1,629 words) - 11:46, 23 November 2023
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'''Summary'''. Shcherbina was the most eminent of the zemstvo
10 KB (1,517 words) - 07:18, 8 March 2024
One of the original programming languages for problems of computational mathematics, developed in 1954–1956 for the IBM 704 machine, and in the version Fortr
...eping the name Fortran. Most of them were constructed as extensions of one of the two standard ones (1962–1964): Basic Fortran and Fortran IV, and subs
4 KB (631 words) - 19:39, 5 June 2020
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political circumstances, Christiaan Huygens turned to science and mathematics.
16 KB (2,633 words) - 12:03, 1 November 2023
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'''Summary.''' Mendel was definitively recognized as the originator of
12 KB (1,727 words) - 10:18, 10 March 2024
...easurable, and the probability of each subset is the sum of probabilities of its elements.
...nuous]], [[Singular distribution|singular]] or mixed), as well as the set of all continuous functions $[0,\infty)\to\R$ with the [[Wiener measure]]. Th
14 KB (2,104 words) - 16:21, 17 April 2012
$#C+1 = 13 : ~/encyclopedia/old_files/data/M063/M.0603700 Metric theory of functions
...functions are studied on the basis of the idea of the [[Measure|measure]] of a set.
11 KB (1,633 words) - 08:00, 6 June 2020
...{\pi}$, while the statement "the ratio of the length of the circumference of the circle to its diameter is greater than three and ten seventy-firsts and
==Early history==
18 KB (2,697 words) - 13:11, 13 December 2013
...that many theorems are directly related to the geometry and the topology of Banach spaces.
== History ==
25 KB (4,253 words) - 23:54, 13 April 2019
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<ref> Abridged version of an article
11 KB (1,612 words) - 18:41, 22 March 2023
The branch of mathematics in which one studies algebraic operations (cf. [[Algebraic operation|Algebr
...e next three centuries, during which views as to the proper subject matter of this discipline kept radically changing.
17 KB (2,478 words) - 16:09, 1 April 2020
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'''Summary''' Author of the monumental ''Histoire Naturelle'', Buffon also
13 KB (2,017 words) - 09:45, 15 August 2023
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'''Summary'''. Active in many area of science, notably mathematics,
13 KB (1,945 words) - 10:52, 25 February 2024
...hic. In other words, the variety of all heaps is equivalent to the variety of all groups.
...ho_3]=\rho_1\rho_2^{-1}\rho_3$. The set of all invertible partial mappings of $A$ into $B$ is also closed with respect to the triple multiplication and i
5 KB (740 words) - 14:12, 12 November 2023
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'''Summary.''' Slutsky contributed to the understanding of stochastic
9 KB (1,322 words) - 16:31, 4 March 2024
...ion of elementary methods is extended by bringing in the simplest elements of mathematical analysis. Traditionally, proofs are deemed to be non-elementar
...elementary solution of some problem, one also finds an elementary solution of it.
13 KB (2,043 words) - 20:28, 13 October 2014
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especially concerning its use in actuarial mathematics. He headed the British
14 KB (2,270 words) - 18:15, 13 August 2023
$#C+1 = 37 : ~/encyclopedia/old_files/data/C025/C.0205340 Constructive mathematics,
''constructive trend in mathematics''
20 KB (2,913 words) - 07:40, 14 August 2023
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Dalmatia, who developed in 1760 a simple geometrical method of fitting a
10 KB (1,609 words) - 18:41, 6 March 2024
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prominent exponent of 19th
16 KB (2,329 words) - 12:09, 28 October 2023
...inear functions or polynomials, and it is in fact such functions which are of interest, more than other functions, in applications.
be defined in some neighbourhood of a point $ x _ {0} $.
37 KB (5,252 words) - 11:45, 26 March 2023
...c propositions of geometry and other branches of mathematics, on the basis of which all the theories are developed in a rigorously logical fashion.
...equal; and 5) the whole is greater than any of its parts (in some editions of the Elements there are four additional axioms).
9 KB (1,351 words) - 20:43, 26 November 2016
Out of 93 formulas, 91 were replaced by TEX code.-->
...uch media and more exactly, to the [[Spectral analysis|spectral analysis]] of the [[Schrödinger equation|Schrödinger equation]] with a periodic potenti
16 KB (2,451 words) - 17:45, 1 July 2020
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Neyman, made fundamental contributions to the theory of hypothesis testing.
11 KB (1,680 words) - 16:32, 24 March 2023
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of a calculus of probabilities to contain a form of local
19 KB (3,099 words) - 16:34, 14 August 2023
A [[recursive sequence]] of integers in which each term is the sum of the two preceding.
...onacci numbers were produced for the first time in 1228 in the manuscripts of Leonardo da Pisa (Fibonacci).
6 KB (943 words) - 20:43, 23 November 2023
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introduction of quantitative methods into psychology. He also developed a
16 KB (2,419 words) - 16:35, 14 August 2023
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'''Summary.''' Malthus was a pivotal figure in the development of
9 KB (1,317 words) - 12:34, 25 March 2023
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Bernoulli, together with his brother Johann one of the pioneers of the
16 KB (2,550 words) - 08:45, 25 March 2023
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original ways ways the application of the probability calculus to statistical
13 KB (1,926 words) - 18:33, 17 April 2024
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...s or robotic satellites. Astrophysics is the study of the intrinsic nature of astronomical bodies and the processes by which they interact and evolve. Th
14 KB (1,878 words) - 07:23, 13 March 2016