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Difference between revisions of "Bunyakovskii inequality"

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An inequality in mathematical analysis, established by V.Ya. Bunyakovskii <ref name="Bounjakowsky" /> for square-integrable functions $ f $ and $ g $ :
 
 
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An equality in mathematical analysis, established by V.Ya. Bunyakovskii <ref name="Bounjakowsky" /> for square-integrable functions $ f $ and $ g $ :
 
  
 
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The Bunyakovskii inequality is also known as the Schwarz inequality; however, Bunyakovskii published his study as early as 1859, whereas in H.A. Schwarz' work this inequality appeared as late as 1884 (without any reference to the work of Bunyakovskii).
 
The Bunyakovskii inequality is also known as the Schwarz inequality; however, Bunyakovskii published his study as early as 1859, whereas in H.A. Schwarz' work this inequality appeared as late as 1884 (without any reference to the work of Bunyakovskii).
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====References====
 
====References====
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<references>
 
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<ref name="Bounjakowsky">W. [V.Ya. Bunyakovskii] Bounjakowsky,  "Sur quelques inegalités concernant les intégrales aux différences finis"  ''Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg (7)'' , '''1'''  (1859)  pp. 9</ref>
 
<ref name="Bounjakowsky">W. [V.Ya. Bunyakovskii] Bounjakowsky,  "Sur quelques inegalités concernant les intégrales aux différences finis"  ''Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg (7)'' , '''1'''  (1859)  pp. 9</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
* [a1] W. Rudin,  "Principles of mathematical analysis" , McGraw-Hill  (1953)
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2. W. Rudin,  "Principles of mathematical analysis" , McGraw-Hill  (1953)
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====Comments====
 
====Comments====
In Western literature this inequality is often called the Cauchy inequality, or the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. Its generalization to a function $ f $ in $ L_p $ and a function $ g $ in $ L_q $, $ 1/p + 1/q = 1 $, is called the [[Hölder inequality|Hölder inequality]].
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In Western literature this inequality is often called the Cauchy inequality, or the [[Cauchy Schwarz inequality]]. Its generalization to a function $ f $ in $ L_p $ and a function $ g $ in $ L_q $, $ 1/p + 1/q = 1 $, is called the [[Hölder inequality]].
  
 
Cauchy's algebraic inequality stated above holds for real numbers $ a_i, b_i, \quad i = 1, \dots, n $. For complex numbers $ a_i, b_i, \quad i = 1, \dots, n$, it reads
 
Cauchy's algebraic inequality stated above holds for real numbers $ a_i, b_i, \quad i = 1, \dots, n $. For complex numbers $ a_i, b_i, \quad i = 1, \dots, n$, it reads

Latest revision as of 09:09, 31 May 2016


An inequality in mathematical analysis, established by V.Ya. Bunyakovskii [1] for square-integrable functions $ f $ and $ g $ :

\[ \left[ \int_{a}^{b}f(x)g(x)\,dx\right]^2 \le \int_{a}^{b}f^2(x)\,dx \int_{a}^{b}g^2(x)\,dx. \]

This inequality is analogous to Cauchy's algebraic inequality

\[ (a_1 b_1 + \dots + a_n b_n)^2 \le (a_1^2 + \dots + a_n^2)(b_1^2 + \dots + b_n^2). \]

The Bunyakovskii inequality is also known as the Schwarz inequality; however, Bunyakovskii published his study as early as 1859, whereas in H.A. Schwarz' work this inequality appeared as late as 1884 (without any reference to the work of Bunyakovskii).


References

  1. W. [V.Ya. Bunyakovskii] Bounjakowsky, "Sur quelques inegalités concernant les intégrales aux différences finis" Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg (7) , 1 (1859) pp. 9

2. W. Rudin, "Principles of mathematical analysis" , McGraw-Hill (1953)



Comments

In Western literature this inequality is often called the Cauchy inequality, or the Cauchy Schwarz inequality. Its generalization to a function $ f $ in $ L_p $ and a function $ g $ in $ L_q $, $ 1/p + 1/q = 1 $, is called the Hölder inequality.

Cauchy's algebraic inequality stated above holds for real numbers $ a_i, b_i, \quad i = 1, \dots, n $. For complex numbers $ a_i, b_i, \quad i = 1, \dots, n$, it reads

\[ \left| a_1 \overline{b_1} + \dots + a_n \overline{b_n}\right|^2 \le (|a_1^2| + \dots + |a_n^2|) \cdot (|b_1^2| + \dots + |b_n^2|). \]

It has a generalization analogous to the Hölder inequality.

How to Cite This Entry:
Bunyakovskii inequality. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Bunyakovskii_inequality&oldid=29800
This article was adapted from an original article by V.I. Bityutskov (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article