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The order of the error of approximation as a variable quantity, depending on a continuous or discrete argument <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/a/a013/a013020/a0130201.png" />, relative to another variable <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/a/a013/a013020/a0130202.png" /> whose behaviour, as a rule, is assumed to be known. In general, <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/a/a013/a013020/a0130203.png" /> is a parameter that is a numerical characteristic of the approximating set (e.g. its dimension) or of the method of approximation (e.g. the interpolation step). The set of values of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/a/a013/a013020/a0130204.png" /> may, moreover, have an infinite or finite limit point. The function <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/a/a013/a013020/a0130205.png" /> is most often a power, an exponential or a logarithmic function. The modulus of continuity (cf. [[Continuity, modulus of|Continuity, modulus of]]) of the approximated function (or that of some derivative of it) or a majorant of it may figure as <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/a/a013/a013020/a0130206.png" />.
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The order of the error of approximation as a variable quantity, depending on a continuous or discrete argument $\tau$, relative to another variable $\phi(\tau)$ whose behaviour, as a rule, is assumed to be known. In general, $\tau$ is a parameter that is a numerical characteristic of the approximating set (e.g. its dimension) or of the method of approximation (e.g. the interpolation step). The set of values of $\tau$ may, moreover, have an infinite or finite limit point. The function $\phi(\tau)$ is most often a power, an exponential or a logarithmic function. The modulus of continuity (cf. [[Continuity, modulus of|Continuity, modulus of]]) of the approximated function (or that of some derivative of it) or a majorant of it may figure as $\phi(\tau)$.
  
 
The approximation order is characterized both by the properties of the approximation method, as well as by a definite property of the approximated object, e.g. the differential-difference properties of the approximated function (cf. [[Approximation of functions, direct and inverse theorems|Approximation of functions, direct and inverse theorems]]).
 
The approximation order is characterized both by the properties of the approximation method, as well as by a definite property of the approximated object, e.g. the differential-difference properties of the approximated function (cf. [[Approximation of functions, direct and inverse theorems|Approximation of functions, direct and inverse theorems]]).
  
In numerical analysis, the approximation order of a numerical method having error <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/a/a013/a013020/a0130207.png" />, where <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/a/a013/a013020/a0130208.png" /> is the step of the method, is the exponent <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/a/a013/a013020/a0130209.png" />.
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In numerical analysis, the approximation order of a numerical method having error $O(h^m)$, where $h$ is the step of the method, is the exponent $m$.
  
 
====References====
 
====References====

Latest revision as of 09:43, 26 April 2014

The order of the error of approximation as a variable quantity, depending on a continuous or discrete argument $\tau$, relative to another variable $\phi(\tau)$ whose behaviour, as a rule, is assumed to be known. In general, $\tau$ is a parameter that is a numerical characteristic of the approximating set (e.g. its dimension) or of the method of approximation (e.g. the interpolation step). The set of values of $\tau$ may, moreover, have an infinite or finite limit point. The function $\phi(\tau)$ is most often a power, an exponential or a logarithmic function. The modulus of continuity (cf. Continuity, modulus of) of the approximated function (or that of some derivative of it) or a majorant of it may figure as $\phi(\tau)$.

The approximation order is characterized both by the properties of the approximation method, as well as by a definite property of the approximated object, e.g. the differential-difference properties of the approximated function (cf. Approximation of functions, direct and inverse theorems).

In numerical analysis, the approximation order of a numerical method having error $O(h^m)$, where $h$ is the step of the method, is the exponent $m$.

References

[1] V.L. Goncharov, "The theory of interpolation and approximation of functions" , Moscow (1954) (In Russian)
[2] A.F. Timan, "Theory of approximation of functions of a real variable" , Pergamon (1963) (Translated from Russian)
[3] N.S. Bakhvalov, "Numerical methods: analysis, algebra, ordinary differential equations" , MIR (1977) (Translated from Russian)


Comments

References

[a1] M.W. Müller, "Approximationstheorie" , Akad. Verlagsgesellschaft (1978)
[a2] G.G. Lorentz, "Approximation of functions" , Holt, Rinehart & Winston (1966) pp. Chapt. 2
How to Cite This Entry:
Approximation order. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Approximation_order&oldid=31926
This article was adapted from an original article by N.P. KorneichukV.P. Motornyi (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article