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Difference between revisions of "Antipodes"

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Diametrically-opposite points on a sphere. Borsuk's antipodal-point theorems apply [[#References|[1]]]: 1) For any continuous mapping of the sphere $S^n$ into the Euclidean space $E^n$ there exist antipodes with a common image; 2) Any mapping of the sphere $S^n$ into itself in which the images of antipodes are antipodes is an essential mapping.
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Diametrically-opposite points on a sphere. Borsuk's antipodal-point theorems apply [[#References|[1]]]: 1) For any continuous mapping of the sphere $S^n$ into the Euclidean space $E^n$ there exist antipodes with a common image; 2) Any mapping of the sphere $S^n$ into itself in which the images of antipodes are antipodes is an [[essential mapping]].
  
 
====References====
 
====References====
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====Comments====
 
====Comments====
The first result mentioned above is known as the Borsuk–Ulam theorem (on antipodes). The following result also goes by the name of Borsuk's antipodal theorem: There is no continuous mapping $f$ of the $(n+1)$-ball $B^{n+1}$ into the $n$-sphere $S^n$ such that $f(x)=-f(-x)$, cf. [[#References|[a1]]], p. 131.
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The first result mentioned above is known as the [[Borsuk–Ulam theorem]] (on antipodes). The following result also goes by the name of Borsuk's antipodal theorem: There is no continuous mapping $f$ of the $(n+1)$-ball $B^{n+1}$ into the $n$-sphere $S^n$ such that $f(x)=-f(-x)$, cf. [[#References|[a1]]], p. 131.
  
 
====References====
 
====References====
 
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  V.I. Istrătescu,  "Fixed point theory" , Reidel  (1981)</TD></TR></table>
 
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  V.I. Istrătescu,  "Fixed point theory" , Reidel  (1981)</TD></TR></table>

Latest revision as of 06:23, 28 October 2017

Diametrically-opposite points on a sphere. Borsuk's antipodal-point theorems apply [1]: 1) For any continuous mapping of the sphere $S^n$ into the Euclidean space $E^n$ there exist antipodes with a common image; 2) Any mapping of the sphere $S^n$ into itself in which the images of antipodes are antipodes is an essential mapping.

References

[1] K. Borsuk, "Drei Sätze über die $n$-dimensionale euklidische Sphäre" Fund. Math. , 20 (1933) pp. 177–190


Comments

The first result mentioned above is known as the Borsuk–Ulam theorem (on antipodes). The following result also goes by the name of Borsuk's antipodal theorem: There is no continuous mapping $f$ of the $(n+1)$-ball $B^{n+1}$ into the $n$-sphere $S^n$ such that $f(x)=-f(-x)$, cf. [a1], p. 131.

References

[a1] V.I. Istrătescu, "Fixed point theory" , Reidel (1981)
How to Cite This Entry:
Antipodes. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Antipodes&oldid=42199
This article was adapted from an original article by A.V. Chernavskii (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article