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Mean-square approximation of a function

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An approximation of a function $ f( t) $ by a function $ \phi ( t) $, where the error measure $ \mu ( f; \phi ) $ is defined by the formula

$$ \mu _ \sigma ( f; \phi ) = \int\limits _ { a } ^ { b } [ f( t) - \phi( t)] ^ {2} d \sigma ( t), $$

where $ \sigma ( t) $ is a non-decreasing function on $ [ a, b] $ different from a constant.

Let

$$ \tag{* } u _ {1} ( t), u _ {2} ( t) \dots $$

be an orthonormal system of functions on $ [ a, b] $ relative to the distribution $ d \sigma ( t) $. In the case of a mean-square approximation of the function $ f( t) $ by linear combinations $ \sum _ {k=1} ^ {n} \lambda _ {k} u _ {k} ( t) $, the minimal error for every $ n = 1, 2 \dots $ is given by the sums

$$ \sum_{k=1} ^ { n } c _ {k} ( f ) u _ {k} ( t), $$

where $ c _ {k} ( f ) $ are the Fourier coefficients of the function $ f( t) $ with respect to the system (*); hence, the best method of approximation is linear.

References

[1] V.L. Goncharov, "The theory of interpolation and approximation of functions" , Moscow (1954) (In Russian)
[2] G. Szegö, "Orthogonal polynomials" , Amer. Math. Soc. (1975)

Comments

Cf. also Approximation in the mean; Approximation of functions; Approximation of functions, linear methods; Best approximation; Best approximation in the mean; Best linear method.

References

[a1] E.W. Cheney, "Introduction to approximation theory" , McGraw-Hill (1966) pp. Chapts. 4&6
[a2] I.P. Natanson, "Constructive theory of functions" , 1–2 , F. Ungar (1964–1965) (Translated from Russian)
How to Cite This Entry:
Mean-square approximation of a function. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Mean-square_approximation_of_a_function&oldid=54966
This article was adapted from an original article by N.P. KorneichukV.P. Motornyi (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article