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Difference between revisions of "Neutral differential equation"

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A differential equation with distributed argument (cf. [[Differential equations, ordinary, with distributed arguments|Differential equations, ordinary, with distributed arguments]]) in which the highest derivative occurs for more than one value of the argument, among them a basic (untransformed) one, and this latter value is the largest of those present in the equation. For example, the equation
 
A differential equation with distributed argument (cf. [[Differential equations, ordinary, with distributed arguments|Differential equations, ordinary, with distributed arguments]]) in which the highest derivative occurs for more than one value of the argument, among them a basic (untransformed) one, and this latter value is the largest of those present in the equation. For example, the equation
  
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n0664501.png" /></td> <td valign="top" style="width:5%;text-align:right;">(*)</td></tr></table>
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$$x'(t)=f(t,x(\alpha(t)),x'(\beta(t)))\tag{*}$$
  
is a neutral differential equation when <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n0664502.png" />, <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n0664503.png" />.
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is a neutral differential equation when $\alpha(t)\leq t$, $\beta(t)\leq t$.
  
For a neutral differential equation the initial value problem is solvable; thus, if for (*) with increasing <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n0664504.png" /> one gives
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For a neutral differential equation the initial value problem is solvable; thus, if for \ref{*} with increasing $\beta(t)$ one gives
  
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n0664505.png" /></td> </tr></table>
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$$x=\phi(t),\quad t\leq t_0,$$
  
 
then for
 
then for
  
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n0664506.png" /></td> </tr></table>
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$$f\in C^{m,n,n},\quad\alpha,\beta\in C^m,\quad\phi\in C^p,\quad m,n\geq0,p\geq1,$$
  
there exists a (for <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n0664507.png" /> unique) piecewise-smooth solution, which belongs to <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n0664508.png" /> when <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n0664509.png" /> compatibility conditions hold, that is, conditions of the type
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there exists a (for $n\geq1$ unique) piecewise-smooth solution, which belongs to $C^k$ when $k=1+\min\{m,n,p-1\}$ compatibility conditions hold, that is, conditions of the type
  
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/n/n066/n066450/n06645010.png" /></td> </tr></table>
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$$\phi'(t_0)=f(t_0,\phi(\alpha(t_0)),\phi'(\beta(t_0))).$$
  
 
Neutral differential equations are one of the most thoroughly studied classes of equations with distributed arguments. They occur naturally in applied problems that contain in their statement some recurrence property.
 
Neutral differential equations are one of the most thoroughly studied classes of equations with distributed arguments. They occur naturally in applied problems that contain in their statement some recurrence property.

Revision as of 12:26, 7 September 2014

A differential equation with distributed argument (cf. Differential equations, ordinary, with distributed arguments) in which the highest derivative occurs for more than one value of the argument, among them a basic (untransformed) one, and this latter value is the largest of those present in the equation. For example, the equation

$$x'(t)=f(t,x(\alpha(t)),x'(\beta(t)))\tag{*}$$

is a neutral differential equation when $\alpha(t)\leq t$, $\beta(t)\leq t$.

For a neutral differential equation the initial value problem is solvable; thus, if for \ref{*} with increasing $\beta(t)$ one gives

$$x=\phi(t),\quad t\leq t_0,$$

then for

$$f\in C^{m,n,n},\quad\alpha,\beta\in C^m,\quad\phi\in C^p,\quad m,n\geq0,p\geq1,$$

there exists a (for $n\geq1$ unique) piecewise-smooth solution, which belongs to $C^k$ when $k=1+\min\{m,n,p-1\}$ compatibility conditions hold, that is, conditions of the type

$$\phi'(t_0)=f(t_0,\phi(\alpha(t_0)),\phi'(\beta(t_0))).$$

Neutral differential equations are one of the most thoroughly studied classes of equations with distributed arguments. They occur naturally in applied problems that contain in their statement some recurrence property.


Comments

References

[a1] J.K. Hale, "Theory of functional differential equations" , Springer (1977) pp. Chapt. 12
How to Cite This Entry:
Neutral differential equation. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Neutral_differential_equation&oldid=33261
This article was adapted from an original article by A.D. Myshkis (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article