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Difference between revisions of "Completely-reducible matrix group"

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A matrix group <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c0239801.png" /> over an arbitrary fixed field <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c0239802.png" />, all elements of which may be reduced by simultaneous conjugation by some matrix over <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c0239803.png" /> to block-diagonal form, i.e. to the form
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A matrix group $G$ over an arbitrary fixed field $K$, all elements of which may be reduced by simultaneous conjugation by some matrix over $K$ to block-diagonal form, i.e. to the form
 
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$$
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c0239804.png" /></td> </tr></table>
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X = \left( \begin{array}{cccc} d_1(X) &  0 & \ldots & 0 \\ 0 & d_2(X) & \ldots & 0 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & 0 & \ldots & d_m(X) \end{array} \right)
 
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$$
where <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c0239805.png" />, <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c0239806.png" />, are square matrices, the remaining places being filled by zeros, and each matrix group <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c0239807.png" /> is irreducible (cf. [[Irreducible matrix group|Irreducible matrix group]]). In the language of transformations, a group <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c0239808.png" /> of linear transformations of a finite-dimensional vector space <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c0239809.png" /> over a field is said to be completely reducible if any one of the following equivalent conditions is met: 1) Any subspace of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c02398010.png" /> which is <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c02398011.png" />-invariant has a <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c02398012.png" />-invariant direct complement (cf. [[Invariant subspace|Invariant subspace]]); 2) <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c02398013.png" /> is decomposable into the direct sum of minimal <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c02398014.png" />-invariant subspaces; or 3) <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c02398015.png" /> is generated by the minimal <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c02398016.png" />-invariant subspaces. Every finite matrix group <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c02398017.png" /> over a field whose characteristic does not divide the order of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c023/c023980/c02398018.png" /> is completely reducible. Every normal subgroup of a completely-reducible matrix group is itself completely reducible.
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where $d_i(X)$, $i=1,\ldots,m$, are square matrices, the remaining places being filled by zeros, and each block $d_i(G)$ is an [[irreducible matrix group]]. In the language of transformations, a group $G$ of linear transformations of a finite-dimensional vector space $V$ over a field $K$ is said to be completely reducible if any one of the following equivalent conditions is met: 1) Any subspace of $V$ which is $G$-invariant has a $G$-invariant direct complement (cf. [[Invariant subspace]]); 2) $V$ is decomposable into the direct sum of minimal $G$-invariant subspaces; or 3) $V$ is generated by the minimal $G$-invariant subspaces. Every finite matrix group $G$ over a field $K$ whose characteristic does not divide the order of $G$ is completely reducible. Every normal subgroup of a completely-reducible matrix group is itself completely reducible.
  
 
====References====
 
====References====
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  Yu.I. Merzlyakov,  "Rational groups" , Moscow  (1987)  (In Russian)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  M. Hall,  "Group theory" , Macmillan  (1959)</TD></TR></table>
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<table>
 
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<TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  Yu.I. Merzlyakov,  "Rational groups" , Moscow  (1987)  (In Russian)</TD></TR>
 
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<TR><TD valign="top">[2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  M. Hall,  "Group theory" , Macmillan  (1959)</TD></TR>
 +
</table>
  
 
====Comments====
 
====Comments====
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A vector space $V$ over $K$ with a completely reducible matrix group $G$ acting is a [[completely-reducible module]] for the [[group ring]] $K[G]$.
  
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====References====
 +
<table>
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<TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  W. Feit,  "The representation theory of finite groups" , North-Holland  (1982)</TD></TR>
 +
<TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  C.W. Curtis,  I. Reiner,  "Representation theory of finite groups and associative algebras" , Interscience  (1962)</TD></TR>
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</table>
  
====References====
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{{TEX|done}}
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  W. Feit,  "The representation theory of finite groups" , North-Holland  (1982)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  C.W. Curtis,  I. Reiner,  "Representation theory of finite groups and associative algebras" , Interscience  (1962)</TD></TR></table>
 

Latest revision as of 16:55, 10 April 2016

A matrix group $G$ over an arbitrary fixed field $K$, all elements of which may be reduced by simultaneous conjugation by some matrix over $K$ to block-diagonal form, i.e. to the form $$ X = \left( \begin{array}{cccc} d_1(X) & 0 & \ldots & 0 \\ 0 & d_2(X) & \ldots & 0 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & 0 & \ldots & d_m(X) \end{array} \right) $$ where $d_i(X)$, $i=1,\ldots,m$, are square matrices, the remaining places being filled by zeros, and each block $d_i(G)$ is an irreducible matrix group. In the language of transformations, a group $G$ of linear transformations of a finite-dimensional vector space $V$ over a field $K$ is said to be completely reducible if any one of the following equivalent conditions is met: 1) Any subspace of $V$ which is $G$-invariant has a $G$-invariant direct complement (cf. Invariant subspace); 2) $V$ is decomposable into the direct sum of minimal $G$-invariant subspaces; or 3) $V$ is generated by the minimal $G$-invariant subspaces. Every finite matrix group $G$ over a field $K$ whose characteristic does not divide the order of $G$ is completely reducible. Every normal subgroup of a completely-reducible matrix group is itself completely reducible.

References

[1] Yu.I. Merzlyakov, "Rational groups" , Moscow (1987) (In Russian)
[2] M. Hall, "Group theory" , Macmillan (1959)

Comments

A vector space $V$ over $K$ with a completely reducible matrix group $G$ acting is a completely-reducible module for the group ring $K[G]$.

References

[a1] W. Feit, "The representation theory of finite groups" , North-Holland (1982)
[a2] C.W. Curtis, I. Reiner, "Representation theory of finite groups and associative algebras" , Interscience (1962)
How to Cite This Entry:
Completely-reducible matrix group. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Completely-reducible_matrix_group&oldid=13792
This article was adapted from an original article by Yu.I. Merzlyakov (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article